Innovative Architecture
The Grundtvig Church, Copenhagen, was designed by the Danish architect P.V. Jensen-Klint in 1922. The art deco design is based in part on a style of ecclesiastical architecture that used stepped gable ends and was common in Zeeland during the Middle Ages.SEF/Art Resource, NY Such structural engineers as the Swiss Robert Maillart, the French Eugène Freyssinet, and the Italian Pier Luigi Nervi produced works in reinforced concrete that combined imagination with rationality to achieve aesthetic impact. Among architects the Danish Jørn Utzon, in Australia’s Sydney Opera House (1957-1973), and the Finnish-American Eero Saarinen, in Dulles Airport (1960-1962) near Washington, D.C., employed unusual structural solutions. From his base in Helsinki, the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto extended his oeuvre through more than four decades, refusing to celebrate the industrialized repetition of steel, concrete, glass, and aluminum, but molding spaces with utmost sophistication, great care in the distribution of light, and the use of materials—stone, wood, and copper—with familiar and sympathetic tactile qualities. The American Louis I. Kahn infused his designs with a transcendent monumentality recalling Roman classicism, as in the transformation of tunnel vaults into light-modulating girders in his Kimbell Art Museum (1972), located in Fort Worth, Texas.
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